Chemical companies typically operate in a variety of business sectors, including but not limited to the following:

1. Commodity Chemicals: Producing basic organic chemicals such as sulfuric acid, chlorine, sodium, and industrial gases that are used to manufacture petrochemicals and plastic products.

2. Specialty Chemicals: These chemicals have unique functions and properties and are often produced for a specific customer base, also known as performance chemicals.

3. Consumer Products: Chemicals used in household products like soap, detergents, toothpaste, cosmetics, and paints.

4. Life Sciences or Pharmaceuticals: Chemical substances used in medicines, diagnostic equipment, and pesticides.

5. Polymers and Plastics: Producing a range of polymers and plastics used in packaging, construction, automotive, and many other industries.

6. Agricultural Chemicals: Including products like insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers.

7. Petrochemicals: Involved in the refining of petroleum and the production of petrochemical products.

8. Research and Development (R&D): Many chemical companies invest heavily in R&D to innovate and improve their products.

9. Sustainability: With a growing global focus on environmental protection, many chemical companies are developing more environmentally friendly products and processes, as well as exploring renewable resources.

10. Supply Chain Management: Since chemicals are raw materials for almost every major industry, supply chain management is crucial for chemical companies.

11. Digitalization and Data: Chemical companies are using digital tools to increase transparency, optimize operations, and improve customer trust.

12. Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS): Ensuring that their products and operations meet environmental, health, and safety standards.

13. Global Operations: Many chemical companies operate globally, managing supply chains and production facilities across international borders.

14. Strategic Partnerships and Joint Ventures: Forming partnerships with other companies to gain access to new technologies, enter new markets, or strengthen existing businesses.

15. Risk Management: Assessing and managing risks associated with the production and use of chemicals.

These business areas can evolve in response to changes in market demand, technological advancements, and global economic conditions. The business models of chemical companies are continually innovating to adapt to these changes.